Your well water begins as groundwater, stored in an underground layer called an aquifer. Aquifers are made up of porous rock, sand, or gravel that hold water, much like a sponge. Water reaches these underground reservoirs through rainfall, snowmelt, and surface water infiltration, a process known as recharge. The health of an aquifer depends on climate, land use, and water demand.

A well is drilled into the ground until it reaches the aquifer. The well is lined with casing (usually PVC or steel) to prevent contamination and collapse. At the bottom, a screen allows water to flow in while filtering out sediment. A seal at the top prevents surface contaminants from entering the well. The depth of a well varies based on the location and groundwater conditions.

A submersible pump (for deep wells) or a jet pump (for shallower wells) draws water from the aquifer up through the well casing. The pump is controlled by a pressure switch, ensuring a steady supply of water whenever you turn on a faucet.

Once pumped, the water is stored in a pressure tank. This tank helps regulate water pressure throughout your home and reduces strain on the pump by minimizing how often it turns on and off.

Before reaching your faucet, well water may pass through filtration and treatment systems to remove impurities. Common treatments include:

• Sediment filters – Remove sand, dirt, and particles.
• Carbon filters – Improve taste and remove odors.
• Water softeners – Reduce hardness caused by minerals like calcium and magnesium.
• UV or chlorination systems – Kill bacteria and other pathogens.

Testing your well water regularly ensures it remains safe for drinking and everyday use.

Finally, after its underground journey and treatment, the water travels through your home’s plumbing system and arrives at your faucet—ready for drinking, cooking, and cleaning!

At Mad River Well Services, we help homeowners maintain their wells for safe, reliable water. From well drilling to water testing and pump maintenance, our experts are here to support you. Contact us today to schedule a water quality check or well inspection!